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Ukuqonda iiReyithingi ze-IP: Ukukhusela ibhetri yakho

Ukuqonda iiReyithingi ze-IP: Ukukhusela ibhetri yakho

 

Intshayelelo

Ukuqonda iiReyithingi ze-IP: Ukukhusela ibhetri yakho. Umgangatho woKhuseleko lwe-Ingress lwezixhobo zombane lubalulekile. Iireyithingi ze-IP, ezilinganisa ukukwazi kwesixhobo ukuxhathisa kwizinto eziqinileyo kunye nolwelo, zibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke ii-aplikeshini zebhetri. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ukubaluleka kokulinganisa kwe-IP, imigangatho yokuvavanya, kunye nendima yabo ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zebhetri.

Yintoni i-IP yokukala?

Imilinganiselo ye-IP (i-Ingress Protection) ivavanya ukukwazi kwe-enclosure ukuchasana nokungena kwizinto zangaphandle kunye namanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zichazwe kwifomathi ye-IPXX, apho i-XX imele amanani amabini abonisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhusela.

Ukuqonda Imilinganiselo ye-IP

Ukalo lwe-IP lunamanani amabini:

  • Idijithi yokuqala: Ibonisa ukukhuselwa kwizinto eziqinileyo (umzekelo, uthuli kunye nobutyobo).
  • Idijithi yesibini: Ibonisa ukukhuselwa kulwelo (umzekelo, amanzi).

Itheyibhile engezantsi ishwankathela iireyithingi eziqhelekileyo ze-IP kunye neentsingiselo zazo:

Idijithi yokuqala Intsingiselo Idijithi yesibini Intsingiselo
0 Akukho khuselo 0 Akukho khuselo
1 Ukukhuselwa kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwama-50mm 1 Ukukhuselwa kumanzi athontsizayo athe nkqo
2 Ukukhuselwa kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwe-12.5mm 2 Ukukhuselwa kumanzi athontsizayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15° ukusuka nkqo
3 Ukukhuselwa kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwe-2.5mm 3 Ukukhuselwa ekutshizeni amanzi
4 Ukukhuselwa kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwe-1.0mm 4 Ukukhuselwa ngokuchasene nokutshizwa kwamanzi
5 Ukukhuselwa eluthulini 5 Ukukhuselwa kwiijethi zamanzi
6 Uthuli-uthuli 6 Ukukhuselwa kwiijethi zamanzi ezinamandla
7 Ukuntywiliselwa ukuya kutsho kwi-1m ubunzulu 7 Ukuntywiliselwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1m ubunzulu, ixesha elifutshane
8 Ukuntywiliselwa ngaphaya kwe-1m ubunzulu 8 Ukuntywiliselwa rhoqo ngaphaya kobunzulu be-1m

Injongo yoVavanyo lweSilinganiselo se-IP

Uvavanyo lokukala kwe-IP luvavanya ngokuyintloko ukubanakho kwendawo ebiyelweyo ukukhusela ekungeneni okuqinileyo kunye nolwelo, ukukhusela ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi kunye namanye amacandelo abalulekileyo ekuvezweni ngokuthe ngqo kwiingozi.

Usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo zifuna ukureyithwa kwe-IP okwahlukileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyilwa kwemveliso kuthathelwe ingqalelo indawo ethile yokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, izibane zesitrato zangaphandle zifuna uyilo lokungangeni kwamanzi kunye nothuli ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu.

Inkcazo eneenkcukacha kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwemilinganiselo yoKhuseleko lwe-IP

Ngokomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe we-EN 60529/IEC 529, izixhobo zombane kunye nezombane kufuneka ziqwalasele iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ngakumbi ukukhusela iisekethe zangaphakathi kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo. Nazi izikali eziqhelekileyo zothuli kunye nokhuseleko lwamanzi:

Amanqaku oKhuseleko lothuli

Umlinganiselo woKhuseleko lothuli Inkcazo
IP0X Akukho khuselo
IP1X Ukukhuselwa kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwama-50mm
IP2X Ukukhuselwa kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwe-12.5mm
IP3X Ukukhuselwa kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwe-2.5mm
IP4X Ukukhuselwa kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwe-1.0mm
IP5X Ukukhuselwa kuthuli oluyingozi, kodwa hayi ukuqina kothuli ngokupheleleyo
IP6X Uthuli-uthuli

Amazinga oKhuseleko lwaManzi

Umlinganiselo woKhuseleko lwaManzi Inkcazo
IPX0 Akukho khuselo
IPX1 Uvavanyo lwamanzi athontsizayo oluthe nkqo, izinga lokuthontsiza: 1 0.5mm/min, ubude bexesha: imizuzu eyi-10
IPX2 Uvavanyo oluthontsizayo lwamanzi athontsizayo, izinga lokuthontsiza: 3 0.5mm/min, amaxesha amane ngomphezulu, ubude bexesha: imizuzu eli-10
IPX3 Ukutshiza uvavanyo lwamanzi, izinga lokuhamba: 10 L / min, ubude bexesha: imizuzu eyi-10
IPX4 Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi okutshiza, izinga lokuhamba: 10 L / min, ubude bexesha: imizuzu eyi-10
IPX5 Uvavanyo lweejethi zamanzi, izinga lokuhamba: 12.5 L/min, umzuzu o-1 ngemitha yesikwere, ubuncinci imizuzu emi-3
IPX6 Uvavanyo lwejethi zamanzi ezinamandla, izinga lokuhamba: 100 L/min, umzuzu o-1 ngemitha yesikwere, ubuncinci imizuzu emi-3
IPX7 Ukuntywiliselwa ukuya kutsho kwi-1m ubunzulu, ubude bexesha: imizuzu engama-30
IPX8 Ukuntywiliselwa okuqhubekayo ngaphaya kobunzulu be-1m, bucaciswe ngumvelisi, bungqongqo kune-IPX7

IiNkcukacha zobuChwephesha zoHlelo lwe-IP kwizicelo zebhetri

Ukubaluleka kobuChwepheshe bokungaManzi

Kwiimveliso zebhetri, ngakumbi ezo zisetyenziswa ngaphandle okanye kwindawo enzima kakhulu, itekhnoloji yokungangeni kwamanzi ibalulekile. Ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokufuma akunako ukonakalisa izixhobo kuphela kodwa kunokubangela imingcipheko yokhuseleko. Ngoko ke, abavelisi beebhetri kufuneka basebenzise amanyathelo asebenzayo angangeni manzi ngexesha loyilo kunye nokuveliswa.

Imilinganiselo ye-IP kunye neTekhnoloji yokutywina

Ukufezekisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okhuseleko lwe-IP, abavelisi beebhetri bahlala besebenzisa obu buchwepheshe bokutywina bulandelayo:

  1. IiSealants ezingangeni manzi: Izitywini ezikhethekileyo zokungangeni manzi zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo zeebhotile zebhetri ukuqinisekisa ukutywinwa ngokungenamthungo kunye nokuthintela ukungena kwamanzi.
  2. O-Ring Seals: Izitywina ze-O-ring zisetyenziselwa ujongano phakathi kwezigqubuthelo zebhetri kunye neecasings ukunyusa ukusebenza kokutywina kunye nokuthintela ukungena kwamanzi kunye nothuli.
  3. Iingubo ezikhethekileyo: Iingubo zokungena manzi zifakwe kumphezulu weebhetri zokunyusa amandla okukhusela amanzi kunye nokukhusela iisekethe zangaphakathi kumonakalo womswakama.
  4. Uyilo lokuMbumba oluchanekileyo: Uyilo olulungisiweyo lokungunda luqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuqinileyo kwee-casings zebhetri, ukufezekisa uthuli oluphezulu kunye nemiphumo yokuthintela amanzi.

Usetyenziso oluQhelekileyo lwebhetri ye-IP-Rated

Ibhetri Yasekhaya

Imeko yangaphakathi (umzekelo, iibhetri zasekhaya ezifakwe ngaphakathi): Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulinganiswa kwe-IP ephantsi njenge-IP20 inokwanela kwiindawo zangaphakathi zangaphakathi, ezilawulwa ngokubanzi kwaye zingaphantsi kothuli olubalulekileyo okanye ukungena kokufuma. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili uzinzo lwexesha elide kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo.

Imeko yangaphandle (umzekelo, iibhetri zasekhaya ezifakwe ngaphandle): Kwizixhobo ezifakwe ngaphandle, njengebhetri yokugcina amandla ekhaya, kubalulekile ukumelana neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo ezifana nemvula, uthuli olubethwa ngumoya, kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha ukukala kwe-IP ephezulu, efana ne-IP65 okanye ngaphezulu, kuyacetyiswa. Ezi zilinganiso zikhusela ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo ezivela kwizinto zangaphandle, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo nakwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima.

  • Umgangatho woKhuseleko ocetyiswayo: IP65 okanye ngaphezulu
  • Iinkcukacha zobuGcisa: Ukusebenzisa iikhompawundi zokutywinwa kwamandla aphezulu kunye ne-O-ring seals iqinisekisa ukutywinwa kwe-casing ephezulu, ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo ukungena kwamanzi kunye nothuli.
  • Ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo: Iibhetri zokugcina amandla ekhaya zihlala zijongana nokuvezwa ixesha elide kumanzi kunye neemeko zemozulu eziguquguqukayo ngaphandle. Ke ngoko, amandla angangenwa ngamanzi kunye nothuli ayimfuneko ekukhuseleni iisekethe zangaphakathi, ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri, kunye nokugcina ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.

ibhlog yebhetri yasekhaya ehambelanayo kunye nemveliso:

Ibhetri yeRV

Njengemithombo yamandla eselula, ibhetri yeRV ihlala idibana neendawo ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle kunye neemeko zendlela, ifuna ukhuseleko olusebenzayo ngokuchasene nokutshiza, uthuli, kunye nokungena kokungcangcazela.

  • Umgangatho woKhuseleko ocetyiswayo: Ubuncinci IP65
  • Iinkcukacha zobuGcisa: Uyilo lwe-Battery casing kufuneka lusebenzise izinto eziphezulu zokungena kwamanzi, kwaye iibhodi zeesekethe zangaphakathi kufuneka zifakwe kwiingqimba ezingenamanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezinomswakama kunye nexesha lokuhamba rhoqo.
  • Ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo: Iibhetri zeRV kufuneka zigcine ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokutshintsha iimeko zangaphandle ezifana nenkampu yasentlango kunye nokuhamba. Ke ngoko, amandla angangenwa ngamanzi kunye nothuli abalulekile ekwandiseni ubomi bebhetri kunye nokugcina ukusebenza.

ehambelana nebhlog yebhetri ye-rv kunye nemveliso:

Ibhetri yeNqwelo yegalufa

Ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwingca yangaphandle kwaye idinga ukuxhathisa ukufuma kwingca kunye nemvula ngamaxesha athile. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha umlinganiselo wokukhusela ofanelekileyo unokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo amanzi kunye nothuli ekonakaliseni ibhetri.

  • Umgangatho woKhuseleko ocetyiswayoumthombo: IP65
  • Iinkcukacha zobuGcisa: I-casing yebhetri kufuneka yenziwe njenge-monolithic mold, kunye ne-high-effective-efficiency compounds kufuneka isetyenziswe kumalungu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhuselwa kwamanzi. Iibhodi zeesekethe zangaphakathi kufuneka zisebenzise iingubo ezingenamanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwiindawo ezimanzi kunye nomswakama.
  • Ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo: Iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa zihlala zisetyenziswa kwindawo ezinengca ezithanda amanzi, zenza amandla angangeni manzi kunye nothuli olubalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ibhetri kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo.

ezinxulumene nebhlog yebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa kunye nemveliso:

IiNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla oRhwebo

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla orhweboziqhele ukufakwa ngaphakathi endlwini kodwa zinokujongana nemiceli mngeni efana nothuli, ukufuma, kunye nokwahluka kwamaqondo obushushu kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso.

  • Umgangatho woKhuseleko ocetyiswayo: Ubuncinci IP54
  • Iinkcukacha zobuGcisa: Izakhiwo zokutywina ezininzi, ukugquma kwamanzi okungahambisani nemozulu kwiindawo ze-casing surfaces, kunye nonyango olukhethekileyo lokukhusela kwiibhodi zeesekethe zangaphakathi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwexesha elide kwiindawo ezinzima.
  • Ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo: Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla kurhwebo noshishino kufuneka zisebenze kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukufuma, kunye neendawo ezinokuthi zibe nokudleka. Ngoko ke, uthuli oluphezulu kunye neemfuno ezingenamanzi zikhusela ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo.

ezinxulumene nebhlog yebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa kunye nemveliso:

Ukuqukumbela

Iireyithingi ze-IP ayizonkcukacha zobugcisa nje kuphela kodwa zikhuseli ezibalulekileyo eziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Ukukhetha umlinganiselo wokhuseleko we-IP ochanekileyo unokwandisa ubomi bebhetri ngokusebenzayo, unciphise iindleko zokulungisa, kwaye uqinisekise ukuthembeka kwesixhobo xa kubaluleke kakhulu. Nokuba ziibhetri zasekhaya zogcino lwamandla, iibhetri zeRV, iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa, okanye urhwebo kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla kushishino, ukukhetha umgangatho wokhuseleko ofanelekileyo olungiselelwe iimeko zosetyenziso zehlabathi lokwenene kubalulekile ukukhusela izixhobo kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo.

Kamada Amandla is phezulu 10 abavelisi lithium ion ibhetriinikezauyilo logcino lwebhetriIzisombululo, ezizibophelele ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zabathengi kumazinga e-IP omntu, ukusebenza kwamanzi, kunye nokukhuselwa kothuli, ukubonelela ngezisombululo zamandla ezithembekileyo kuwo wonke amashishini.

 

IP Ukala lwe-FAQ

Kuthetha ukuthini ukukala kweIP?

Ukalisho lwe-IP (umlinganiselo woKhuseleko lokuNgena) lubonisa ukukwazi kwesixhobo ukuxhathisa ukungena kwizinto eziqinileyo (idijithi yokuqala) kunye nolwelo (inani lesibini). Ibonelela ngomlinganiselo omiselweyo wokhuseleko kwizinto ezisingqongileyo ezifana nothuli namanzi.

Indlela yokutolika iireyithingi ze-IP?

Iireyithingi ze-IP zichazwa njenge-IPXX, apho amadijithi XX amele amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okhuseleko. Idijithi yokuqala isuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-6, ebonisa ukukhuselwa kwizinto eziqinileyo, ngelixa idijithi yesibini isuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-8, ebonisa ukukhuselwa kumanzi. Umzekelo, i-IP68 ithetha ukuba isixhobo asiluthuli (6) kwaye sinokumelana nokuntywiliselwa ngokuqhubekayo emanzini angaphaya kobunzulu bemitha e-1 (8).

Itshathi yokukala ye-IP ichaziwe

Itshathi yokukala ye-IP ichaza intsingiselo yedijithi yokukala ye-IP nganye. Kwizinto eziqinileyo, ukulinganiswa kwe-IP ukusuka kwi-0 (akukho khuselo) ukuya kwi-6 (uthuli-uthuli). Ulwelo, ukulinganisa ukusuka kwi-0 (akukho khuselo) ukuya kwi-8 (ukuntywiliselwa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphaya kwe-1 yemitha ubunzulu).

IP67 vs IP68: Yintoni umahluko?

I-IP67 kunye ne-IP68 zombini zibonisa amanqanaba aphezulu okhuseleko eluthulini nasemanzini, kodwa kunye nomahluko omncinci. Izixhobo ze-IP67 zinokumelana nokuntywiliselwa emanzini ukuya kutsho kwimitha e-1 ubunzulu kangangemizuzu engama-30, kanti izixhobo ze-IP68 ziyakwazi ukuntywiliselwa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphaya kobunzulu bemitha e-1 phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo.

Ukulinganisa kwe-IP kwiifowuni ezingenamanzi

Iifowuni ezingangeni manzi zihlala zine-IP67 okanye i-IP68, eqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuntywiliselwa emanzini kwaye zikhuselwe ekungeneni kothuli. Oku kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba basebenzise iifowuni zabo ngokuzithemba kwiindawo ezimanzi okanye ezinothuli ngaphandle komonakalo.

Ireyithingi ye-IP yeekhamera zangaphandle

Iikhamera zangaphandle zifuna iireyithingi ze-IP ezifana ne-IP65 okanye ngaphezulu ukuze zimelane nokuvezwa luthuli, imvula, kunye neemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zilinganiso ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwiindawo zangaphandle.

Ireyithingi ye-IP yee-smartwatches

Iiwotshi ze-Smartwatches zihlala zine-IP67 okanye iireyithingi ze-IP68, zizenza zixhathise uthuli namanzi. Ezi zilinganiso zenza abasebenzisi banxibe iiwotshi zabo ezihlakaniphile ngexesha lemisebenzi efana nokuqubha okanye ukuhamba intaba ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngomonakalo wamanzi.

Imigangatho yokukala IP

Iireyithingi ze-IP zihambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe echazwe kwi-IEC 60529. Le migangatho ichaza iinkqubo zokuvavanya ukumisela ubungakanani bokhuseleko olunikezelwa sisixhobo ngokuchasene nokuqinileyo kunye nolwelo.

Zivavanywa njani iireyithingi ze-IP?

Imilinganiselo ye-IP ivavanywa kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezisemgangathweni ezibeka izixhobo kwiimeko ezithile zokungena kwamasuntswana aqinileyo (uthuli) kunye nokungena kolwelo (amanzi). Uvavanyo luqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuthembeka ekumiseleni amandla okukhusela isixhobo.

Loluphi uhlolo lwe-IP olulungele ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle?

Ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle, ubuncinci bokukala IP65 kuyacetyiswa. Olu kulinganisa luqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zikhuselwe ekungeneni kothuli kunye neejethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, okwenza ukuba zilungele iindawo zangaphandle ezivezwe kwizinto zemozulu.


Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-06-2024